![]() ![]() Researchers should aim to maximise the benefit of the research and minimise potential risk of harm to participants and researchers. Research should be worthwhile and provide value that outweighs any risk or harm. Some persons are in need of extensive protection, even to the point of excluding them from research that has a risk of harm. ![]() Respect for the immature and the incapacitated may require protecting them as they mature or while they are incapacitated. The capacity for self-determination matures during an individual's life, and some individuals lose this capacity wholly or in part because of illness, mental disability, or circumstances that severely restrict liberty. To respect autonomy is to give weight to autonomous persons' considered opinions and choices while refraining from obstructing their actions unless they are clearly detrimental to others.īy contrast, when a potential research participant may lack capacity to make autonomous decisions, respect for persons requires that they be protected against harm. International agents and representativesĪll participants in research must take part voluntarily, free from any coercion or undue influence, and their rights, dignity and autonomy should be respected and appropriately protected.Īn autonomous person is capable of deliberation about personal goals and of acting under the direction of such deliberation. ![]()
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